Asian Journal of Research in Botany

Influence of Foliar Application with Some Natural Extracts and Nutrients Compounds on Nutritional Status of Washington Navel Orange Transplants

2020-08-01T07:58:01+00:00

This research was conducted during the two consecutive seasons of 2018 and 2019 at the Fruit Nursery Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture at Moshtohor, Benha University of Qalyubeia Governorate, Egypt, to study the effect of some natural treatments, e.g. Algae, Bread Yeast extract, Moringa leaves extract and nutrients as a compound containing both macro (N , P, K) and micro (Fe , Zn, Mn, Fe, Cu) elements and a compound containing macro and microelements and some growth regulators. These materials (natural extracts and nutrient compounds) were applied as a foliar spray to study their effect on nutritional status of Washington navel orange transplants budded on sour orange rootstock. at one-year-old plant. These materials were applied with different concentrations once a month started from the last week in April to the last week in September.as follows: Blue-green algae extract (1, 2 and 3 ml/L), Yeast extract (10, 20 and 30 ml/L), Moringa leaves extract (2.5, 5 and 7.5 g/L). Nitro active 20: 20: 20 (commercial name) (0.5, 1 and 1.5 g/L) and Estima green (commercial name) (0.5, 1 and 1.5 g/L). In this study, the foliar application of Blue-green algae at 3 ml/L and Estima green at 0.5g/L resulted in a significant increase in nutritional status of Washington navel orange transplants i.e., total chlorophyll content and Leaf mineral composition (N%, P%, K%, Ca%, Mg%, Mn (ppm), Zn (ppm) and Fe (ppm). On the contrary, the lowest values of the above-mentioned Leaf chemical composition were typically in concomitance with T1-Control (water sprayed) which ranked statistically last during both study seasons.

Screening of Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) Genotypes for Adaptability in the Western Highlands of Cameroon

2020-08-08T07:42:24+00:00

An experiment was conducted from 20^th April to 11^th August 2016 at Upper Farm Bambui with 16 potato genotypes to select those with best performance as promising candidates for variety release. The treatments were arranged in a randomised complete blocked design with four replications. Data were collected on vegetative, disease and yield parameters and subjected to analysis of variance (ANOVA). All results obtained were significantly different (P=0.05). The mean Leaf Area Index (LAI) ranged from 123.83± 7.00 (for variety Cipira) to 206.70± 25.49 (for genotypes 392639.34). Mean number of stems ranged from 3.60± 0.60 (for genotype 392039.4) to 7.20± 1.04 (for genotype 392639.34). Plant heights ranged from 34.40± 1.59cm (for variety Jacob) to 51.67± 4.39cm (for genotype 395011.13). Stem diameters ranged from 0.65± 0.09cm (for genotype 395011.12) to 0.91± 0.07cm (for genotypes 395524.9, 396241.4) and were superior to the check varieties. Late blight was most severe in the check varieties compared to the genotypes evaluated indicating that genotypes with minor genes were resistant to late blight than existing varieties selected with major genes. The rAUDPC was used to rank late blight severity and it ranged from 0.01± 0.01 (for genotypes 393617.64) to 0.59±0.00 (for check variety Jacob). There was an inverse correlation between yield and late blight severity. Low rates of bacterial wilt and virus incidence were obtained, with maximum bacterial wilt incidence of 8.8% for genotype 393633.34 and virus incidence of 26.7% for 392639.34. Five genotypes were selected with good yields compared to the check varieties. The best five genotypes were 393084.31 (23.33 ton/ha), 393633.34 (23.22 ton/ha), 395524.9 (20.78 ton/ha), 396036.201 (20.56 ton/ha) and 395011.13 (20.0 ton/ha), compare to 12.89 and 17.00 ton/ha for Cipira and Jacob respectively. These five genotypes are therefore recommended for further screening to develop new varieties.

Optimizing Potato (Solanum tuberosum), Plant Transplantation through Micropropogation

2020-08-11T09:31:39+00:00

Aims: A pot experiment was set to identify the most effective symbiotic couples during the acclimatization of Solanum tuberosum vitroplants inoculated with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF).

Methodology: The answer to inoculation of 5 strains of MA fungi Funneliformis mosseae, Rhizophagus aggregatus, Rhizoglomus fasciculatum, Rhizoglomus intraradices, Rhizoglomus manihotis is evaluated on potato varieties Aïda, Atlas and Odessa. For each variety, the experimental device was totally randomized with 5 replicates. The experiment lasted 3 months.

Results: The F. mosseae strain has the highest mycorrhizal dependencies with 81.51% and 70% respectively in the Atlas and Aïda varieties. Adessa is less than 40% dependent on all strains of fungi tested. In the Atlas variety, the F. mosseae strain significantly stimulates the aerial biomass of the plants, which reaches 723.32 mg compared to the other mycorrhizal and control strains. The production of minitubers was stimulated by mycorrhizal fungi. In the Aïda variety, the two strains F. mosseae and R. aggregatum averaged 2.80 and 2.72 minitubers per plant, respectively. With the Atlas variety, F. mosseae and R. intraradices result in the most significant production of minitubers.

Conclusion: The different species of fungi tested do not have the same level of efficiency towards these varieties. Nevertheless, they all promote plant development and potato production compared to non-ininoculated controls. Mycorrhizal dependence is more observed with both Atlas and Aïda varieties.

Effect of Sodium Chloride on Growth, Nodulation, Flowering & Yield of Pea Plant (Pisum sativum L.) under Photoperiods

2020-08-31T06:16:16+00:00

Garden pea (Pisum sativum L.) is a popular nutritious vegetable crop grown in winter season through out of the world, belong to family Fabaceae .A study was made on the influence of sodium chloride upon the growth, chlorophyll content, nodulation, flowering and yield of Pea Plant (Pisum sativum L.) CV. P.Arkel under both photoperiod’s i.e. Long day and short days. The finding revealed that plant length, plant fresh and dry weight, leaf no. ,leaf area/ plant, Chlorophyll pigments, carotenoids, root nodules number, root nodules fresh & dry weight, flower number & pod number were higher under long days irrespective to short days in control. No significant effect was observed in the leaf area & photosynthetic pigments with low concentration, while a significant decrease was noticed for each, with two higher concentrations (100,200mM) in photoperiods, ie.SD and LD. As evident from the data, the number of flowers was significantly higher under long days. Salt stress differentially affected the pod yields in both photoperiods. The number of pods was increased 61.5 % in long days, when compare to short days. The long day had more fresh and dry weight of pods in comparison to short days in CV. P. Arkel.

Soil-Woody Plant Relationship in Oban Forest Reserve, Akamkpa, Cross River State, Nigeria

2020-09-02T12:37:10+00:00

Aims: Relationship between soil and woody species were assessed in the forest reserve in view of highlighting plant diversity status, population density and nutrient-relations in the forest.

Study Design: Systematic sampling method was used in sampling soil and vegetation parameters.

Place and Duration of Study: The study was conducted in the Oban Division of Cross River National Park, Nigeria, between November 2015 and July 2016.

Methodology: Systematic sampling method was used in studying the vegetation and soil. A total of thirty plots were sampled in each season. Total area of vegetation sampled was 1500 m². Soil samples were analyzed following the standard procedures outlined by the Association of Official Analytical Chemist.

Results: The result revealed a total of 24 species from 16 families and 23 plant species from 21 families in the wet and dry seasons respectively. Coula edulis was the most frequent plant species (100%) while Baphia nitida, recorded low frequency (20%) values. Barteria nigitiana (120±5.26) and Diospyros mespiliformis (120±6.20) dominated in density. Berlinia confusa was the tallest species (47.33±0.67 m) while Anthocleista vogelli was the smallest plant species (4.73±0.96 m). Brachystegia nigerica and Berlinia confusa had the widest crown coverage of 15.27±4.61 m²/ha and 15.27±4.73 m²/ha, respectively. Brachystegia nigerica had the largest basal area (0.42±0.07 m²/ha). Shannon and Simpson diversity indices were high in both wet (2.684 and 0.9029) and dry (2.968 and 0.9373) seasons respectively. Correlation analysis indicated significant relationship between woody species and soil edaphic factors. Stepwise multiple regression technique showed that soil variables predicted for the variations observed in vegetation parameters in both seasons.

Conclusion: The pedological indices and nutrient status of soil play critical roles in plant species distribution and vegetation morphology in Oban Forest Reserve.

Ten Year Progression of Musa Breeding from 1987 to 1997: 1. Pollination Success and Seed Production (Fecundity) Patterns among Multiple Ploidy Crosses

2020-10-05T11:42:43+00:00

Aims: To create genetic variability, produce seeds and ultimately develop disease resistant and agronomically desirable hybrids with good organoleptic quality bunches.

Study Design: Multiple hand pollinations/ crosses in possible combinations of 2x, 3x and 4x as maternal/ seed and paternal/ pollen parents.

Place and Duration of Study: International Institute of Tropical Agriculture High Rainfall Station (IITA), Onne, Rivers State, Nigeria. 1987 to 1997.

Methodology: Utilizing over 320 landraces, varieties, cultivars, clones/ genotypes and IITA accessions obtained from plantain and banana growing regions worldwide, scientists performed numerous hand pollinations/ crosses in possible combinations of 2x, 3x and 4x as maternal/ seed and paternal/ pollen parents every day.

Results: There were significant differences (P=.05) in number of seeds produced when diploids were used as maternal parents. Overall, 2x-2x produced 11times more seeds than the 2x-3x, and 54times more seeds than the 2x-4x. The 2x-2x crosses had double seed production maxima when crosses took place in June and July (8,300 seeds) and August and November (6,200 seeds) indicating a high level of fecundity. Only 2x-2x showed significantly positive correlation between seed production and pollination success (r = 0.617*). When triploids were maternal parents, there were significant differences (P=.05) in number of seeds produced. On average, 3x-2x produced 4times the number of seeds obtained from 3x-3x and 27times more than 3x-4x crosses. Seed production from triploids was 32times less than from diploids. The 3x-3x exhibited positively significant correlation between seed production and pollination success (r = 0.595*). With tetraploid maternal parents, there was significant difference (P=.05) in seed production when the male parent was diploid. High seed production (3,000-4,000) was achieved when pollination took place from June to October in the 4x-2x crosses. Seed production and pollination success in the 4x-2x were positively and highly significantly correlated (r = 0.865**).

Conclusion: In all crosses, diploid males produced the most seeds and pollination success increased as ploidy of maternal parent increased from diploid to tetraploid especially with diploid males.